Oestrogen linked to higher risk of gum disease in pregnancy

Oestrogen linked to higher risk of gum disease in pregnancy

New pioneering research has revealed for the first time that women with higher hormone levels have a greater chance of developing gum disease during pregnancy.

The authors of the study3 found that the levels of the hormone oestrogen found in pregnant women strongly determine their risk of developing gum disease. In all three trimesters, those women with higher levels of oestrogen and dental plaque had more pregnancy-related gum disease than those with lower levels.

Although pregnancy can cause gums to bleed more easily, the role of the most common hormone found in women in that process has not previously been discussed. Dental Advisor at the British Dental Health Foundation, Karen Coates, described the research as a positive step towards improving the oral health of pregnant women.

Ms Coates said: “This research could make a real difference to the oral health of pregnant women. It takes on increased significance, given that only recently we have seen new research linking preterm births and severe gum disease.

“High levels of oestrogen are commonly seen in healthy pregnancies, and this only reinforces the Foundation’s message that pregnant women really have to look after their oral health throughout those nine months.

“The good news is that taking steps to prevent gum disease from developing are relatively simple. It’s never too late to start looking after your oral health, and becoming pregnant should act as a catalyst to do so for those who may have previously overlooked it. Regular cleaning, regular dental visits and a willingness to keep on top of a good routine will certainly help. With appointments for pregnant women free on the NHS until your child’s first birthday, there is no reason for gum disease or any other oral health problem to develop.”

The study, carried out at the University of Helsinki, also found that oestrogen levels of pregnant women significantly increased during their second and third trimesters and returned to pre-pregnant levels after delivery. Those suffering with higher levels of plaque experienced more bleeding gums compared to those with less plaque.